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| A repository (often abbreviated "repo") is a collection of metadata that allows the reconstruction of any version of the source code to a software project. The metadata describes the history of changes to the files and directories in the repository. These changes are grouped together into ChangeSet form. | ''(for a short intro of the basic concepts of Mercurial, see UnderstandingMercurial)'' A '''repository''' is a directory (the repository directory or "repo" directory) which contains a subdirectory named {{{.hg}}} (dot hg) where Mercurial stores its internal data structures. Everything else (files and other subdirectories) in the repo directory is conceptually part of the [:WorkingDirectory:working directory], which is tracked by Mercurial (some files and subdirectories may be ignored. See [".hgignore"]). [[TableOfContents]] === Creation === An existing, already populated but yet untracked directory can be transformed into a repository with {{{hg init}}}, which creates and initializes the {{{.hg}}} subdirectory. === Tracking Files === A file in the working directory that shall be tracked by Mercurial must be added with {{{hg add}}}. [:LocalModifications:Local modifications] to tracked files in the working directory can be [:Commit:committed] with {{{hg commit}}}, which adds a new [:ChangeSet:changeset] to the repository by recording it in the {{{.hg}}} directory. The working directory can be restored with {{{hg update}}} to any previously committed state by specifying the requested changeset with its [:ChangeSetID:changeset ID]. The last transaction in a repository can be undone with {{{hg rollback}}} (see ["Rollback"]). === Transferring Changesets and Cloning === Changesets can be transferred from one repository to another with {{{hg pull}}}, {{{hg push}}}, {{{hg export}}} and {{{hg import}}} (see ["Pull"], ["Push"], ["Export"], ["Import"], ["CommunicatingChanges"]). Repositories can be [:Clone:cloned] with {{{hg clone}}}. === Checking Integrity === Checking the internal integrity of a repository (the contents of {{{.hg}}}) can be done with {{{hg verify}}}. === Structure === The {{{.hg}}} directory of a repository contains (incomplete listing): * The [:Manifest:manifest] — Files {{{.hg/store/00manifest.i}}} and {{{.hg/store/00manifest.d}}} Describes the file contents of the repository at a particular changeset ID. Stored in [:Revlog:revlog] format. * The [:Changelog:changelog] — Files {{{.hg/store/00changelog.i}}} and {{{.hg/store/00changelog.d}}} Contains all changesets. Stored in revlog format. * A revlog per tracked file — Files {{{.hg/store/data/<encoded path>.i}}} and {{{.hg/store/data/<encoded path>.d}}} {{{<encoded path>}}} is the path of the tracked file in the working directory, encoded according to [:CaseFoldingPlan]. Note that for small revlogs, the revlog data file ({{{*.d}}}) may be missing, because its content may be interleaved into the corresponding index file ({{{*.i}}}) (see also ["RevlogNG"]). === Backup === Backing up a repository can be done by using push/pull/clone to a backup repository. A repository which is not actively written to (by other processes concurrently running on the computer) can be backed-up by backing-up the repo directory using normal directory/file backup procedures (like tar, zip, etc). The {{{.hg}}} directory is [:CaseFolding:case folding] tolerant, which means, it can for example be copied onto a FAT filesystem (see also ["BackUp"], ["CaseFoldingPlan"]). === See also === * ManPages * RepositoryNaming * PublishingRepositories * RepositoryConversion ---- CategoryGlossary |
Repository
(for a short intro of the basic concepts of Mercurial, see UnderstandingMercurial)
A repository is a directory (the repository directory or "repo" directory) which contains a subdirectory named .hg (dot hg) where Mercurial stores its internal data structures. Everything else (files and other subdirectories) in the repo directory is conceptually part of the [:WorkingDirectory:working directory], which is tracked by Mercurial (some files and subdirectories may be ignored. See [".hgignore"]).
1. Creation
An existing, already populated but yet untracked directory can be transformed into a repository with hg init, which creates and initializes the .hg subdirectory.
2. Tracking Files
A file in the working directory that shall be tracked by Mercurial must be added with hg add. [:LocalModifications:Local modifications] to tracked files in the working directory can be [:Commit:committed] with hg commit, which adds a new [:ChangeSet:changeset] to the repository by recording it in the .hg directory.
The working directory can be restored with hg update to any previously committed state by specifying the requested changeset with its [:ChangeSetID:changeset ID].
The last transaction in a repository can be undone with hg rollback (see ["Rollback"]).
3. Transferring Changesets and Cloning
Changesets can be transferred from one repository to another with hg pull, hg push, hg export and hg import (see ["Pull"], ["Push"], ["Export"], ["Import"], ["CommunicatingChanges"]).
Repositories can be [:Clone:cloned] with hg clone.
4. Checking Integrity
Checking the internal integrity of a repository (the contents of .hg) can be done with hg verify.
5. Structure
The .hg directory of a repository contains (incomplete listing):
The [:Manifest:manifest] — Files .hg/store/00manifest.i and .hg/store/00manifest.d
Describes the file contents of the repository at a particular changeset ID. Stored in [:Revlog:revlog] format.
The [:Changelog:changelog] — Files .hg/store/00changelog.i and .hg/store/00changelog.d
- Contains all changesets. Stored in revlog format.
A revlog per tracked file — Files .hg/store/data/<encoded path>.i and .hg/store/data/<encoded path>.d
<encoded path> is the path of the tracked file in the working directory, encoded according to [:CaseFoldingPlan].
Note that for small revlogs, the revlog data file (*.d) may be missing, because its content may be interleaved into the corresponding index file (*.i) (see also ["RevlogNG"]).
6. Backup
Backing up a repository can be done by using push/pull/clone to a backup repository. A repository which is not actively written to (by other processes concurrently running on the computer) can be backed-up by backing-up the repo directory using normal directory/file backup procedures (like tar, zip, etc). The .hg directory is [:CaseFolding:case folding] tolerant, which means, it can for example be copied onto a FAT filesystem (see also ["BackUp"], ["CaseFoldingPlan"]).