As described on MultipleCommitters, one way of collaboration (the CVS-like model) is setting up a central repository every user pushes his changes to and pulls the others' changes from. This page describes how to create such repositories accessible via a shared ssh account.

How this works

When accessing a remote repository via mercurial's ssh repository type, hg basically does a

$ ssh remote.server hg -R /path/to/repos serve --stdio

and relies on ssh for authentication and tunneling. When using public key authentication, ssh allows limiting the user to one specific command, which can do all the sanity checks we want and then execs hg just like ssh would in the example above. Note that every user gets his own private key and his own entry in authorized_keys, which allows the script to distinguish between different users and thus enforce e.g. access permissions.

Setting up the shared SSH account

The first step is creating a dedicated user on the server side -- let's call it mercurial. Nobody should be able to log into this account with a password, so set the password field in the /etc/passwd to *. It needs a valid shell though, since sshd always calls scripts through the shell. Then, copy the hg-login script at the end of this page into the home directory and create a directory repositories, which will contain (wait for it) the repositories (duh).

Note that everybody with read/write permissions to the repository directory can read/write to the repositories directly, so you might want to prevent that.

Allowing connections from a user

Every user needs his own public/private key (see the manpage of ssh-keygen for how to create one). Append it to ~mercurial/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server side, prefixed with some options to grant access to mercurial only. More precisely, every line has to look like this:

command="/home/mercurial/hg-login [user]",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-pty ssh-[type] [key]

Here [user] is an identifier which will later be used for granting access to a repository, [type] is dsa or rsa depending on the key type and [key] is the key itself, followed by an optional comment.

On every connect, the user must be able to present the corresponding private key, for example by adding it to his ssh-agent.

Creating repositories and setting permissions

Creating a shared repository is simple: Just initialise it in repositories like every other repository. However, nobody will be able to access it unless you grant them permission. To allow a user to access the repository ~mercurial/repositories/<repos>, create a file ~mercurial/repositories/<repos>.allow which contains his username (the one from authorized_keys) alone on a line.

Note that it is not possible to only grant read rights -- it's full access or nothing.

The hg-login script

The following is a (Perl) script (sorry ;) ) to mediate the access to the shared repositories. It first of all checks the supplied username and the command that is to be executed for sanity (usernames must be alphanumeric, starting with a letter), then normalises and checks the repository path (creating subdirectories in repositories is allowed, but file names must match ^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-:+.]$). Only if these checks pass and the desired repository exists and allows access by the user, the server process is started.

use strict;

$ENV{PATH} = '/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin';

my $hg = '/usr/local/bin/hg';
my $repositories = '/home/mercurial/repositories';

# The following character classes describe the allowed user-
# and repository names. Note that we forbid all path constituents
# which begin with a dot -- look ma, no directory traversal.

my $r_user = qr#[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*#;
my $r_file = qr#[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-:+.]*#;

# The username is given as the first argument (from command=
# in authorized_keys), sshd is kind enough to pass the requested
# command as an environment variable.

my $user_in = $ARGV[0];
my $cmd_in  = $ENV{SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND} || '';

# First, basic sanity checking on the username. The assignment
# is necessary to convince Perl that the username is no longer
# tainted.

defined $user_in
    or die "No username given.\n";
my ($user) = $user_in =~ /^($r_user)$/
    or die "Invalid username `$user_in'.}n";

# The command passed by hg has a very specific structure: Check that.

my ($repos) = $cmd_in =~ m#^hg -R (\S+) serve --stdio$#
    or die "Invalid command `$cmd_in' requested.\n";

# Now for the repository path: We assume that it consists of $r_files
# separated by slashes. Leading and trailing ones are ignored.

s#^/+##, s#/+$##, s#/+#/#g for $repos;

my $path = '';
foreach my $file_in (split m#/#, $repos) {
    my ($file) = $file_in =~ /^($r_file)$/
        or die "Invalid repository path `$repos'";
    $path .= "/$file";
}

# Only the toplevel-directory of every mercurial repository contains
# a subdir `.hg'.

-d "$repositories/$path/.hg" or die "No such repository `$path'.\n";

# Now for permissions ...

open my $perms, '<', "$repositories/$path.allow"
    or die "No such repositoriy `$path'.\n";

chomp( my @allowed_in = <$perms> );

close $perms;

my $allowed = '';
$user eq $_ and $allowed = 1 for @allowed_in;
$allowed or die "No such repository `$path'.\n";

# Ok, everything is in order: go for it.

exec $hg, '-R', "$repositories/$path", 'serve', '--stdio';
die "Unable to exec `hg' on repository `$path' ($!)\n";